Mobile Phones In Schools

Mobile Phones in Schools Recently read Frances Child's news article and personally I couldn't be any more outraged than am now, with her choice of words. Yes she's identified an issue with today's generation, but the way in which she puts this across is exaggerating the truth. Find it hard to believe how such a poorly written article managed to get published in this day and age, without being rectified. One statement which really jumped out at me, as being bias is â€Å"Very few teachers, especially female teachers, want to physically grapple a student, to confiscate their mobile phones†.This statement couldn't be much further than the truth! In my school, if a pupil is caught on their mobile phone, the teacher will simply ask for their phone and nine times out of ten they'll hand it over without hesitation. On the rare occasion of them refusing to hand it over the teacher would email SALT, and the problem is resolved in a matter Of minutes. I noticed that all of the examples which she used in her article are very rare occurrences. Personally I have never experienced such horrific reactions to a teacher wanting to take someone's phone.Of course they do append, but they're very uncommon. There's always some people who just love to cause havoc for attention in every school, whether its bunking lessons, play fighting, or in this case refusing to hand over their mobile phones. However Child's suggests the majority of students are belligerent which is not the case. Child's opens her article with the following statement, â€Å"Mobile phones are a poison in our schools but don't blame the teachers – Blame the parents! I literally cannot believe how such a bias statement can be used in this day and age. Teachers are not entirely to blame, but some do not help he cause, by not following the basic protocol of confiscating phones at first sight. As well as this teachers are responsible for enforcing the rules and the students are expected to follow them. Th en again parents can be seen to be partly to blame; this is because they're buying their son/daughters smart (addictive) phones. I agree some parents may not be supportive of the school but they aren't solely to blame.I personally believe that students are most at blame, at 1 1-18 years old they're more than old enough to be able to decide when and where to use their phones. â€Å"Porn is gloated over in class with little tempt to disguise what is happening. Sometimes a phone is openly passed around. It's unpleasant and embarrassing. † Frances Child's claiming that porn is constantly being watched during class has shocked me! In my five years at secondary school have not once witnessed such explicit material being shared among students.Although some schools may be different, what gives her the right to assume all students are as bad as each other? Really could go on all day, mentioning all of the reasons why this article is a disgrace, however I'm certain this is more than en ough evidence to express to you my utter most disgust at this article. My solution to this problem Of mobile phones in the classroom is to make punishments stricter than they are now. As well as confiscation, schools could introduce more physical punishments such as litter picking etc†¦Parents should be informed of this problem also, so they can do their bit to help resolve it. Banning mobiles all together just creates other problems, how will teenagers contact home in an emergency? Clearly Frances Child's hasn't thought of that†¦ Writing to Inform or Argue Some people love school, yet others hate every single second of it. Either way, they have absolutely no say in whether they go to school, or stay at home playing computer games. So at the end of the day, why not just let it be and get some Gases out of the whole process?Don't get me wrong, some people try their very hardest throughout their time at school, but then there are the troublemakers†¦ Most badly behaved s tudents end up with a poor set of grades, which means that they'll struggle to find a decent, well paid job. A recent survey found out that 83% of people who have been suspended or excluded from school end up with either no job or a poorly paid job when hey turn eighteen, and even more concerning is that 77% of those people surveyed regret misbehaving in school. What a waste of over ten years Of your life!All of those lessons wasted messing about all for attention, or even just to be considered ‘cool'. It's a well known fact that a lot of out of work youths end up in gangs. Not only is this one of the easiest ways to get on the wrong side of the law, it can also lead to serious injury or even death before their early twenties. However if they weren't disruptive at school they'd have a decent job, and would not even be in a gang in the first place. A lot of people say, ‘What is the point in trying hard when I know I cannot achieve high grades? I find this to be a very poo r excuse as most modern day jobs in the tertiary employment sector don't require high grades, just a good work ethic and attitude towards the workplace. It's only really the top end jobs that require a high amount of intelligence in order to fulfill their specification/ quota. One thing that really annoys me about badly behaved students is how they look down on clever students in such a way that they try their utmost best to try and intimidate them. They go around in their groups approaching he clever pupils, and often saying something on the lines of ‘You're a Geek. Ores this as jealousy towards the high grades in which the clever students are achieving. Before I started writing this article, I spent a bit of time researching how the poor behavior of certain students reflects on those who want/like to learn.

Introduction to fashion

Diploma in Fashion Design Principles of Fashion Unit 2 unit 2 On successful completion of this unit the learner will be able to: Explain how the elements of fashion appeal influence the purchaser Describe the classification of clothing according to their use and types Explain factors which affect the decision to buy in fashion Describe the process of the product development in fashion industry Explain the main areas of fashion wear production including an understanding of the key terms, concepts, facts and principles, rules and theories of the field, discipline or practice.Fashion Design One of the most important factors which differentiate humans from other animals is their use of clothing. It is used not simply to provide a micro-climate for the wearer's body, but also to conceal the body and reveal its wearer's status and personality to others. To satisfy this concealing and revealing process diverse kinds of clothing are used. One of the most mysterious aspects of clothing is fas hion. Clothing expresses status; social class is apparent in the boss's business suit and the worker's Shares at work, although this difference may disappear at the weekend.Clothing changes when the wearer leaves the cradle, enters primary school, secondary school or university, on starting work, on getting married, on gaining promotion. Even death has a special wardrobe, both for the dead and the mourners. Clothing establishes a person's identity; reflects the wearer's goals and moral principles; communicates self-assurance or the lack of it; and conveys the activity a person is about to engage in. Clothing may also be used as costume, to represent something a person is not; and as a uniform to denote a person's membership of a defined group.Fashion in the narrow sense of the world meaner the changing form of clothing. These originate from peoples need to be adorned and admired but also allow the opportunity to enhance personal style or indicate a position in society. Fashion is no t the only consideration in developing a garment for a market. The overall appearance (style) as well as the utility value (fitness for purpose, aftercare). Creating or styling the appearance of a person with reference to clothing, accessories and beauty in corresponding with the personality of any individual is fashion designing. Fashion Design TermsA fashion designer conceives garment combinations of line, proportion, color, and texture. He or she may or may not know how to sew or make patterns. Formal training is always essential, yet most fashion designers are formally trained (apprenticed) and schooled. A pattern maker drafts the shapes and sizes of a garment's pieces with paper and measuring tools, and, sometimes, an Autocrat computer software programmer, or by draping muslin on a dress form, the original way. The resulting pattern pieces must compose the intended design of the garment and they must fit the intended wearer.Formal training is essential for working as a pattern marker. A tailor makes custom designed garments made to the client's measure; suits (coat and trousers, Jacket and skirt, etc). A textile designer designs fabric weaves and prints for clothes and furnishings. Most textile designers are formally trained as apprentices and in school. A stylist is the person who co-ordinates the clothes, Jewelry, and accessories used in fashion photography and catwalk presentations of clothes collections. A stylist also is a designer whose designs are based upon extant things, trends, and the collections of other designers.A buyer orders stocks of clothes for shops, chain stores, and other types of stores. Most fashion buyers are trained in business studies. A teacher of fashion design teaches the art and craft of fashion in art schools and in fashion design school. A custom clothier makes custom- made garments to order, for a given customer. A dressmaker specializes in custom- made women's clothes: day, cocktail, and evening dresses, business clothes and suits, trousseau, sports clothes, and lingerie. An illustrator draws and paints clothes for commercial use.A model wears and displays clothes at fashion shows and in photographs. A fashion journalist writes fashion articles describing the garments presented, for magazines or newspapers. An alterations specialist (alterations) adjusts the fit of completed garments, usually ready-tower, and sometimes re-styles them. NOTE: despite tailors altering garments to fit the client, not all alterations are tailors. A wardrobe consultant or fashion advisor recommends styles and colors that are flattering to the client. A photographer photographs the clothes on fashion models for use in magazines, newspapers, or adverts.Fashion Flow Chart Classification of Fashion The duration of fashion's importance is a critical fashion designers or manufactures concern. A fashion can be brief or of long duration. Once having identified this characteristic, a designer is in a position to assess a fashions importance to the retail inventory. Fashion is classified into many types, such as: Style Basic or classic Fad Fashion Forecasting Trends a) Style Style is always constant. It does not change whereas fashion changes. It is the modification of fashion. Style is the basic outline of any garment.When we use a different neckline and different sleeves with some trimming here and there over a Asia garment then the basic garment is modified into a different look or a different outfit, this modification ferment will become fashion, when it is accepted by people. The term style is a popular word in fashion and refers to a sub-division within fashion. By definition, it is that which has certain characteristics that distinguish it from other designs. For example, the fashion could be pleated skirt, yet the style is box pleat. It is a common fallacy to believe that the famous designers create fashions.They create styles which they hope will be accepted. When and if there is consumer support the style then becomes fashion. It is repetitious but important to stress that fashion is synonymous with acceptance. B) Basic or Classics When a fashion is constant or long lasting, such as, T shirt and skirt, it is called Basic or Classic. It is similar to a standard music. The T shirt and skirt are part of fashion scene. A customer has one or more in her wardrobe, to be worn to suit different occasions. In certain times, the basic becomes the most important profitable fashion, but, in or out, they remain as a part of the fashion scene.There are many outfits that fall into this classification, such as, shirt and trousers, plain or pleated skirts and denims, etc. There are general fashions that lasts for years, such as, the skirt, the single breasted men's suit Basics or Classics are the outfits which stays in the fashion scene for a long period of time that is from past to present and even in future it stands When we watch old movies as well as the new movies which are released Just, we can see the skirts, or denims worn in it may be with a slight change or modification accordingly. ) Fad A Fad is something which can either make a designer's life more interesting or tenser. Very often something appears on the fashion scene that captures the imagination, only to fizzle out in short duration. Overall, Fad can be defined as short lived fashion, lasting for a very little time or period, acceptable by only a certain group of people for example, hippies – their clothing, accessories, hairstyles, etc. As Fad is short lived fashion, it stays for a very short period, because they are very costly and every one cannot afford to buy it. D) Fashion Forecasting is a global career that focuses on upcoming trends.A fashion forecaster predicts the colors, fabrics and styles that will be presented on the runway and in the stores for the upcoming seasons. The concept applies to not one, but all levels of the fashion industry including haute couture, ready-to-wear, mass mar ket, and street wear. Trend forecasting is an overall process that focuses on other industries such as automobiles, medicine, food and beverages, literature, and home furnishings. Fashion forecasters are responsible for attracting consumers and helping retail business's and designers sell their brands.Today, fashion industry workers rely on the Internet to retrieve information on new looks, hot colors, celebrity wardrobes, and designer collections. Fashion Forecasting is done through any communicating media, such as, cinema, fashion shows, press, magazines, newspapers and window display. It includes: Market research Consumer research Surveys Consumer focus groups In-store informal interviews Shopping Sales Records Evaluating the collections Fashion Trends Trend for Target Markets e) Trends Fashion trends are the styling ideas that major collections have in common.They indicate the direction in which fashion is moving. Fashion forecasters look for the styles they think are prophetic, ideas that capture the mood of the times and signal a new fashion trend. Several designers may use a similar fashion idea because they eve been inspired by common sources. The trend may appear in a fabrication, a silhouette, or another design element that appears in several collections. Very often, a new trend appears in small doses until it spreads to other collections. As the press notices similarities between collections and highlights them, the media exposure also helps establish the trends.Evaluating the collections becomes one way a designer, working for a mainstream manufacturer, can research fashion direction. As designers are not invited to the shows, they must evaluate by shopping in major fashion vitals or u s I n g design services, magazines, and newspapers. For retail buyers, it is becoming a huge challenge to figure out which trends will become fashion basics, like Capri's, and which are only fads, such as pony prints. Buyers have to become very flexible in their buyi ng patterns and cautious about inventory management.If the market becomes flooded with a new trend, consumers may react negatively to the overexposure. Empowered by the Internet and television, global trends are moving at an accelerating pace. The life-span of a trend is now about five months instead of a year. For the Junior market, the span is only three months. Chic Chic is a French word, established in English since at least the sass, that has come to mean smart or stylish. Over the years â€Å"chic† has been applied to, among other things, social events, situations, individuals, and modes or styles of dress.Recurring generic terms included designer chic (associated with the styles of particular couturiers – the sass became known as the â€Å"designer decade†) and retro-chic (adopting elements of fashion from the past: e. G. â€Å"Victorian chic†, â€Å"sixties chic†, â€Å"Georgian chic†, â€Å"sass Riviera chic† Collection Each season, the design and merchandising departments of each division are expansible for creating a new line, the seasonal collection that the manufacturer will sell to retail store buyers. The terms are synonymous: the term ‘collection' is used primarily in Europe and for high-period apparel in the United States. Line' is used more often in the United States for moderately and popularly priced fashion. Fashion shows Fashion shows are special events that communicate a fashion story. The selection and organization of the fashions and model bookings may be done by the fashion office, whereas invitations and other arrangements may be handled by the special events department. There are four possible ways to organize these presentations: formal shows, department shows, designer trunk shows, or informal modeling. ) Formal Fashion Shows Formal fashion shows take a great deal of advance planning involving booking models and fittings and arranging for a runway, scenery, lighting, microphon es, music, seating, and assistants. Clothes are generally grouped according to styling, color, or other visual criteria. Models and music are selected to complement the clothes and set a mood. B) Designer Trunk Shows Designer trunk shows are done in cooperation with a single vendor and are a popular ay to sell expensive collections.Invitations are sent to the best customers according to records kept by sales associates. The designer or a representative travels from store to store with the collection, which is usually shown on models in the designer collections department. Customers get to see the entire collection unedited by a buyer and may order from the samples in their size. Although some designers and retailers do 50 percent of their total business through trunk shows, others find them time-consuming, exhausting work, and have given them up. C) Department Fashion ShowsDepartment fashion shows, on a much smaller scale, are produced in store to generate immediate sales. Usually, a platform is set up directly in the department that carries the clothes. D) Informal Fashion Shows Informal fashion shows are the easiest to produce. A few models walk through the store showing the fashions that they are wearing to customers who are shopping or having lunch in the store's restaurant. The models can take their time, and customers enjoy asking them questions. This is often done in conjunction with a trunk show or special promotion. Criteria Consumers Use in Fashion SelectionTo determine the acceptability of fashion, both manufacturers and consumers should consider the criteria used for its selection. Elements of fashion appeal draw the consumer's attention to a fashion. There are also practical considerations, including quality and price that the consumer usually evaluates before making a purchase. Elements of Fashion Appeal The elements of fashion appeal are basically the same as the elements of design, but here they are viewed by the purchaser rather than the creat or: a) Color Usually the first aspect of a garment or accessory to which consumers respond is, color.People relate very personally to color, usually selecting or rejecting a fashion because the color does or does not appeal to them or flatter their own coloring. Texture: The surface interest in the fabric of a garment or accessory is called texture. Consumers relate to texture because of its sensuous appeal. B) Style The elements that define a style include line, silhouette, and details. A garment's appearance is also affected by hanger appeal. Depending on the consumers' level of fashion consciousness, their Judgment will be conditioned by their opinion of what is currently fashionable.Practical Considerations a) Price Price is probably the most important practical consideration for the average consumer. The consumer evaluates the total worth of all the fashion appeal aspects of the garment or accessory and their relationship to its retail price. B) Fit The try-on is a crucial step in the consumer's selection of a garment because sizing is not a guarantee of fit. The Department of Commerce has tried to set sizing standards, but each company tends to vary somewhat. Each company tries its sample garments on models that are typical of the company's customers.However, it is difficult to set size ranges and grading rules to fit every figure. The fitting room try-on further enables the customer to Judge if fashion-appeal elements are suitable to his or her figure type or general appearance. C) Appropriateness It is important that a fashion item be suitable or acceptable for a specific occasion or for the needs of the consumer's life-style. For example, life in a large city requires more formality in clothing than life in the country. Impulse shoppers do not consider appropriateness and therefore purchase any items that do not fit into their wardrobe. ) Brand Brands are a manufacturer's meaner of product identification. Some consumers buy n the basis of a particular brand's reputation, often as result of heavy advertising. Consumer Demand a) Fabric Performance and Care The durability of a garment or accessory and the ease or difficulty of caring for it, are often factors in selection. Most consumers prefer easy-care, wash-and-wear fabrics, although designer and contemporary customers may not mind paying for dry- cleaning the more delicate fabrics they prefer. Easy care and durability are of special concern in children's wear and work clothes.Government regulations now require fiber-content and care-instruction labels to be sewn into apparel. B) Workmanship This term refers to the quality of construction, stitching, and finishing. Quality standards have fallen as labor costs rise and managements favor more profitable balance sheets. Unfortunately, many consumers cannot and do not bother to evaluate workmanship. The generation born and raised since World War II has not been exposed to fine workmanship and therefore does not demand it. The Junior customer cares little about quality; she is likely to throw away a garment before it wears out.The designer, contemporary, or missy customer, on the other hand, generally considers clothing an investment and may not mind spending more for the assisting qualities of fine detailing and workmanship. Meeting Consumer Demand To meet consumer demand and changes in consumer life-styles, manufacturers and retailers have developed various size and price ranges as well as categories for styling and clothing a) Size Ranges Each size range caters to a different figure type. The Junior customer, sizes 3 to 15, has a less developed figure and a shorter back-waist length (a higher waistline) than the missy figure.The missy figure, sizes 6 to 16 (or 4 to 14, or 8 to 18), is fully developed. In missy separates, some blouses and sweaters are sized 30 to 36 (8 to 14), or small, medium, ND large. Sizing 30 to 36 was originally inches, but sizes have grown over the years. Petite sizes come in both Juni or and missy. Junior petite is meant for shorter Junior figures; petite sizes in missy (2 and up) are for smaller proportioned missy figures. Large or women's sizes, used for sportswear, are 36 to 52 for uppers Jackets and shirts) and 30 to 40 for lowers (pants and skirts). There is a current void of half-size sportswear. ) It is difficult to compare sizes from country to country. Particularly in France, the sizing is not always standard. Men's suits range in size from 36 to 44 (with additional rage sizes to 50), based on chest measurements. Lengths are designated after the size number: R for regular, S for short, and L for long. European sizes are 46 to 54 Oust add 10 to each American size). Young men's sizes, equivalent to Junior sizes for women, have a narrower fit in the Jacket and hip and a shorter rise in the trouser than regular men's sizes.Dress shirts are sized by collar measurement (inches in America and centimeters in Europe) and sleeve length. Sport shirts are sized in s mall, medium, and large. Trousers are sized by waist and inseam measurements. Children's wear is sized by age group. Infant sizes are based on age in months, usually 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18. However, since development varies so much from child to child, many manufacturers are now also identifying weight ranges on their labels. B) Price Ranges A garment should give good value for its price. There are many price ranges, each with a different level of customer expectations.As the price goes up, the customer expects higher quality in fashion, fabric, fit, and finish. Designer garments are becoming so expensive that the group of people who can afford them is shrinking. Therefore, many designers are adding less expensive lines. On the other hand, many retail stores are trading up. That is, stores with low-end (inexpensive) merchandise are now trying to give themselves a fashionable image. Each garment manufacturer generally specializes in one price range. The designer and merchandiser must co nsider the cost of every fabric trim or construction detail that goes into a garment.Costs must fit into a specific price range. In turn, each retail store has various departments, from budget to designer, again classified by price range. C) Style Ranges Both women's dresses and women's sportswear currently come in style ranges as well as size ranges. Some of the terms overlap because style ranges grew out of age groups. However, many women today cross the boundaries, dressing to fit their figure and personality rather than their age needs. Designer: Formerly, couture would have been the classification for better, more expensive fashion.The decline in the couture business, however, gave rise to the general classification of designer clothes. Today even some of the designer ready to- wear is as expensive as couture used to be. Missy: These are more conservative adaptations of proven or accepted designer looks; they utilize less expensive fabrics and less extreme silhouettes. Contempo rary or updated: This is a sophisticated approach to styling based on the directions set by French, Italian, English, Japanese, and American ready-to-wear. Designers of expensive clothes are also marketing less expensive lines for contemporary departments.Designer and contemporary styling has carried over to men's wear, although designer clothes for men tend to be more classic than those for women. Sportswear or related separates for men have followed almost the same trends as women's sportswear in the last ten years, especially since many designers are doing both. Small children's styling is the only styling not aimed at the consumer who will wear the garment. The consumer in this case is a parent, grandparent, or other adult. Children's clothes of the past tended to be fussy, but now they are more functional.Older children today have more definite opinions on what they want to wear, partly because of advertising and television exposure and peer-group pressures. This development ha s had an effect on styling. Areas of Fashion Design Many professional fashion designers start off by specializing in a particular area of fashion. The smaller and the more specific the market, the more likely a company is o get the right look and feel to their clothes. It is also easier to establish oneself in the fashion industry if a company is known for one type of product, rather than several products.Once a fashion company becomes established (that is, has regular buyers and is well-known by both the trade and the public), it may decide to expand into a new area. It is usually safest for a company to expand into an area similar to the one it already knows. For example, a designer of women's sportswear might expand into men's sportswear. A) Women's Wear Women's clothes have many classifications: lingerie, dresses, evening clothes, suits, outerwear, and sportswear. There are also specialty categories, such as bridal gowns and maternity clothes.In addition, there is a huge array o f accessories within the general categories of wraps, head coverings, handbags, and footwear. B) Lingerie Lingerie includes undergarments, sleepwear, and lounger. Interest in designing lingerie is increasing because women again desire pretty things and will spend the money to have them. C) Dresses Dresses range from the very tailored with crisp lines for wearing on the Job, to the very softest with gathers and ruffles for dressy occasions. D) Evening clothes Evening clothes run the gamut from party pajamas through long and short cocktail dresses to opulent gowns. ) Suits are Jackets and skirts Suits are Jackets and skirts (or pants) sold together as units. Suits also range from the soft â€Å"dressmaker† suit to the strictly tailored. F) Outerwear Outerwear has primarily a protective function: it covers us and keeps us warm or dry. Outerwear includes coats, capes, and heavy Jackets. Its warmth may come from traditional wool or quilting; rainwater receives a water-repellent tr eatment. G) Sportswear Sportswear is the category that has grown the most over the years, as leisure time ND discretionary income have increased.Sportswear can be classified as active or spectator. H) Spectator Spectator sportswear was intended for watching sports events, although the term now includes sportswear worn for day-to-day activities. I) Active sportswear Active sportswear is created for movement and worn for participation in sports. Sportswear lines are organized in two different ways: in separates such as skirts, pants, blouses, shirts, sweaters, and tops; or as coordinate sportswear, pieces intended to be mixed and matched but priced separately. J) Men's WearMen's Wear: There are now almost as many categories available to men as to women. Stores use elaborate promotions to lure their increasingly fashion-wise male customers. K) Tailored clothing Tailored clothing for men includes suits, overcoats, topcoats, sport coats, and separate trousers for both day and evening wea r. L) Furnishings include shirts, necklace, sweaters, tops, underwear, socks, robes, and pajamas m) Sportswear is made up of related separates that fill the demand for more leisure and casual wear. N) Active sportswear includes windbreakers, ski Jackets, Jogging suits, tennis shorts, and the like.

CEO Simon Brocklebank Fowler

Logan McFarland Mrs.. Voss Strachey BAA 366 28 November 2013 CEO – Simon Breakneck Fowler 1 . Simon Breakneck Fowler is a great CEO and an even better leader. He can sell anything. Simon obviously has perfected many organizational behavior concepts as he has grown throughout his lifetime even though he did not elaborate on which ones specifically. Simon went to Cambridge, which is a top level secondary school in the ASK. Simon ended up switching from a history major to finance and ended up working for a bank. Simon also ended up running for Parliament but was unsuccessful, although he did learn a lot wrought that experience.Along with working for a bank, Simon also has worked for a consultant agency and as a price performance salesman. He worked for a failing franchise and had to sell things straight on his credibility alone. Simon stated that he had to do a lot of research to help sell his pitch to his consumers. He ended up being promoted in 3 months because he worked so har d on his pitches and was blowing all of the veterans out of the water. He then ended up going to Castigate, which is a smaller firm, but he actually had people working for him which gave him leverage.Castigate went from 200 o 2,000 people in 4 years in different countries making this company a global company. By making Castigate a global company, their profits grew significantly in size and increased the brand recognition of Castigate. Simon is a great leader in many ways. When he walks into a room, you can feel his presence. Simon does not only look in the presence, but in the future as well. He told our class, â€Å"ask yourself ever year what does success look like in 1 year? How about in 10 years? † Simon knows that the world is always adapting and is telling us we have to adapt with it if we want to be successful.Simon is also always trying to get better. He told us, â€Å"Is what your doing right now making your boat go faster? † This means that whatever your foc us is on today, is it going to help you succeed in life? I believe this bit of advice was awesome because I find myself being unproductive some days and my boat is not going faster but instead staying the same. Simon had led some of the most high profile financial and corporate communications and networking campaigns in Europe over the last decade. He has particularly worked as a CEO or another leader position and has succeeded with his unsurpassed networking ability in he eyes of stakeholders.Overall, I believe Simon is a great CEO and a natural born leader. 2. I believe that the company, Cubit Consulting, Simon is leading right now is successful. Although it has its up and downs, Simon is eager to hire brilliant people and grown his business. One marker that Simony's business is going well is that it grew significantly from 200 to 2,000 people in just 4 years. No business would grow that rapidly without a great demand for the business that they do. I also believe Simon has the abi lity to keep this company on top with his managerial skills along with his banking kills and salesman skills. 3. Eel like I would definitely want to work for this company because I would learn a lot. Simon has had an exponential amount of experience with many different aspects of business and I belief if I took away just 10% of what Simon has learned being in the business world, I will be close to ready to running my own business. Along with the experience would take from the job, would take the ideology of Simon along with me as well. Know no average person can turn a company back around faster than Simon. If could learn Simony's ideology on how he gets things back on track ND deals with conflict, it would do wonders for me.Overall, I believe if I worked for this company, it would prepare me for whatever I wanted to do in the business world. 4. This company does face some challenges in the next five years. The employees that are working for Simon as of now have no alternative to th e best at what they do. The employees might want to work in one aspect of the business but they might be the best at another aspect and Simon believes it is hard to convince his employees of that. Another thing would be building a group of people who challenge each other but share similar ideals within the company.The last challenge would have to be trying to build internal networks and alliances, which is very hard. Some of these challenges seem daunting but I believe Simon help to conquer these challenges in no time. 5. This company does face some opportunities in the next five years. Simon believes that his employees are getting better and better at work and thinks they are adapting and learning from the tasks that are assigned from them. Believe this is very important for a company because if you stay stagnant, you will not learn from previous mistakes.Simon also believes an opportunity he could grasp would to help his employees and himself would be to delegate and train more ra ther than just do. 6. Simon gave our class some great advice for business in the future. Some advice he gave was, â€Å"it doesn't matter how good you are, if the business is going the wrong way, you won't be successful – get into a business or industry that is going the right way and you are more likely to be successful. † I thought this was very reasonable advice. Another piece of advice he gave was, â€Å"to become a successful entrepreneur you have to have the confidence in yourself to believe you can make a difference. Simon also believes in repairing for the worst and said to build in your strategy that something will go wrong. He said, â€Å"10% of life is what happens to you. 90% of life is what you do about it. Always have a plan B, you never know what's going to happen. † I think this advice has really helped me with my thinking in maybe trying to manage conflict in the future. Sometimes I cannot effect what has happened to me but I can do something a bout it and respond positively to the negative things that happen to me in life. Overall, I think his advice and expertise has taught me a ton in this interview.

Beehive extract potential prostate cancer treatment Essay

Beehive extract potential prostate cancer treatment - Essay Example As a means of determining the side effects of the propolis on the cells, researchers did various experiments by using the traditional and the modern ways. Their aim was to discover the effects of the beehive extract on the initial stages of the prostrate malignancy. As a means of proving that CAPE can stop the spread of cancer, the researchers at the university used mice infected with tumors. They discovered that when CAPE is given to the mice, it inhibits the growth of tumors. Control experiments were also conducted since the researchers ceased giving the compound to the mice. The outcome showed the tumor continued growing after they had stopped giving CAPE to the mice. They also discovered that, the beehive extracts can only stop the growing of tumor, but they do not eliminate the cancer (Jones, Kokontis & Chuu). More studies were carried out to confirm that CAPE is effective. One of these studies was done at the National Research Institutes based in Taiwan. In the research, many l ines of cancer were used, and the beehive compound successfully slowed the growth. Even if, the lowest concentration of CAPE was used, it was still be useful in inhibiting the enlargement tumor. The research outcomes also showed that the compound could also hinder the prostrate tumors growth in human beings. If a mice grafted with the human prostrated tumor is given CAPE for six weeks, the amount of prostrate tumor can decrease by half. When the mice stop taking the component, the tumor grows like before. In order to know how CAPE works on the cells to slow them down, the researchers at Taiwan invented a way of measuring the alterations of proteins under certain conditions using the Western blots. They found out that CAPE stops tumor growth by suppressing the protein actions on p70s6 kinase and Akt tracks, which can activate cell growth. Even though, human beings were the focus of the study, mice are mammals and all mammals’ cells have the same characteristics. Hence, the com pound can also work on human beings (Jones, Kokontis & Chuu). For effective treatment of prostrate cancer, CAPE together with other treatments is instrumental. For instance, since the compound cannot kill the tumor cells, it works with chemotherapy, which can kill the cells, while CAPE stops further growth of the cells. However, a need arises to conduct more studies concerning the use of the beehive extracts before using it on human beings. Many people have used the compound to treat other diseases, but they dot not know how they work and hence, before bringing it into pharmacies, researchers have to approve it (Jones, Kokontis & Chuu). The beehive extract prevents prostrate cancer by triggering the apoptosis process. The treatment of prostrate cancer through chemotherapy and radiotherapy is widely known. Nevertheless, these methods are not very effective since they kill cells resulting into damaging of the body immune system. Experimental outcomes show that propolis inhibit mutatio ns that are caused by chemical carcinogen. Propolis on Hep-2 cells hinders the proliferation of cells. This can induce cells apoptosis to certain extends (Farooqui & Farooqui 248). Additionally, propolis affects cycle of cells at a phase called G1 to S phase transition. Its effects are equally apparent at the transition phase of S phase to the

Formal Criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formal Criticism - Essay Example This paper will use formal analysis of a selection of scenes from the film 2046 by Wong Kar-wai to highlight Sontag's objection to such analysis. The film explores the experiences surrounding the many loves of the main character, Chow Mo Wan, but doesn't give a precise meaning for the events or even the relationships themselves. The film opens with the enigmatic and multi-layered image of a large, donut-shaped object. It is dark and smooth and shiny, yet also gives the impression of the spiral form of a shell. This represents the "hole in the tree" into which, according to a story repeated by Chow several times in the film, people whisper their deepest secrets, after which they fill the hole with mud to prevent the secret from ever being discovered. As Chow talks about a woman he once loved, we see a woman from behind, whispering her secret into the hole. We don't see her face. The film is filled with images that try to enlarge and deepen the impression that human memory and meaning are limited. The settings are few; a few hotel rooms, a rooftop, streets in which all that is shown is the street light or the wall of a building, a club, a restaurant, and the futuristic train that exists within the science fiction story Chow is writing. Also simplified are the appearances of the actors, almost always shown only from the chest up. They are frequently shown alone, even while conversing with another character. The colors red and black dominate the dcor and the clothing, and dark lighting is used in the majority of the scenes. On rare occasions light colors and daytime scenes are used, as when one of the hotel owner's two young and still somewhat innocent daughters is shown dressed in light green, or when a character is seen on the hotel rooftop during the day. Similarly, worldly women, or women who become worldly during the film, almost inevitably smoke and wear red, black, or gold. Many conclusions could be drawn from such repetitive symbolic content, but from Sontag's point of view, it would be a mistake to do so. Would smoking be interpreted as worldliness at all times and in all cultures, just as the colors a woman wears would always reveal her level of morality If we allow ourselves to see the red dress and the cigarette as symbolic of something specific and universal, do we then, for instance, start to ignore the facial expressions Even here the film seems to adhere to a pattern; the majority of expression shown by the actors is whether and when they do and don't look at one another. This could be interpreted as a device of emotional distancing between people who try to avoid intimacy while at the same time desperately yearning for it. Could it be that the visual elements of the film are simplified in order to force our attention to less obvious parts of the story, or to more subtle characterizations of the actors But it could also be said that the film us es such devices in order to render a flatness and hopelessness in the storyline that lets the viewer know well in advance that there will be no happy endings here. The film doesn't defend itself against this kind of analysis. In one particularly engaging sequence, Chow is writing a futuristic story in which he imagines himself as a Japanese man riding a train into the year 2046, "the place where people go to recover memories". It is

Tourism in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tourism in the UK - Essay Example l demand a look at the historical background of the sector such as through a personal experience at the Leeds Museum and a comparison with tourism in Saudi Arabia. Tourism according to White (2010, pp. 5) is the movement of people from an environment outside their usual place and travelling as well as staying in locations for the purpose of leisure, business among other activities. They may stay in that new environment for a day or longer. There are a lot of elements that are involved in tourism which include issues such as transportation whether by air, sea or land, accommodation such as in the hotels which will include not only bed but also food and drinks, the leisure areas as well as historic sites to visit among many other things. The tourism industry before 1980 was not so popular but it started picking up after that in not only UK but the whole of Europe. Visitors started coming in from other parts of the world mostly in the United States as well as other European nations, Asia and the Middle East. The trend continued to pick steadily leading to high economic growth up until the 2012 recession that rocked the world (Deloitte, 2013, pp. 19). However, due to the strong roots that had been already established, it bounced back as soon as the recession ended and is now as strong as ever. The growth in tourism has led to increase in employment in the UK as well as increasing the number of sustainable tourists. The fact that tourism visas to the UK have had lesser restrictions to acquire in many nations has been an added advantage to the growth of the tourism industry (Tourism Alliance, 2014, pp. 7). UK started growing its tourism sector by marketing its numerous historic sceneries and sites as well as buildings which caught the attention of most people in other nations of the world. With the easy access to tourist visa, many people started going to the nation. With time, the government and the private sector started expanding their hotels, proper maintenance of

Church and state Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Church and state - Essay Example Bearing this in mind it is easy to acknowledge the interplay that exists between politics and religion. Religion by itself has a greater impact on almost all the aspects of human live. Religion has an impact of human life aspects such as morals, fiction, as well as on aesthetic aspects such as art, architecture, and music. Additionally, it can be argued that religion acts like the guiding principle of life. Religion being the mirror of most human life aspects there is always some collisions whenever things deviate from the religious point of view. Of importance to note is that in some instance, the different religions find themselves conflicting when they fail to concur. The politicians are elected to lead the people as well as to make laws to guide the way of people live. The politicians are expected to have a balance between what the population wants as well as to moderate on religion expectations. The religion requires the state to enforce laws that they believe are morally uprigh t. In most cases, there arises some form of ambiguity when what the religion want implemented and enforced by the state is not implemented. For instance, according to religious point of view, abortion should be illegal and the state should enforce laws to illegalize the action. On the other side, the state maybe of the argument that under certain conditions abortion should be legalized. ... Through killing, the inborn to save the life of the mother violates this commandment. This may be a cause of disagreement between the state and the religion. The religion does not want the state to legalize such critical laws for the benefit of religious living. On the other side, the state wants to act for the well-being of its people regardless of the religion teachings and beliefs. For the state to make its judgment on such situations, it may opt to sideline the religion point of views and move with the majority of the people decision. A challenging issue on the other side arises when a country has more than one major religion and each with its own point of view. Each religion and its follows want their own point of view to be respected. In such situations, the state find itself in a critical situation when enforcing the laws as it has to forego the views of a particular religion and move with the majority of the population. For the offended religion, coming to terms with such rul ing is not easy; as they tend to believe that, their religion is, being compromised (Berman 35). Politics interplay with religions in a number of ways. A good example of this is the involvement of internal politics with significant religious organizations. A good example of this is in 2005 when Pope Benedict XVI was voted to be the Roman Catholic Pope. This was irrespective of the fact that the largest population of the Catholic followers are of Hispanic origin living in Central or South America. Another example is on religious group external politics organization. This regards the religious practices as well as beliefs on certain civic processes. For instance, the Muslim religion feminine gender refusal to pull off their headscarves in situations where they are required

Mexican Drug Cartels as a Security Threat Essay

Mexican Drug Cartels as a Security Threat - Essay Example question that in recent years Mexican gangs and drug cartels have had a significant impact on the politics of Mexico through the use of political violence. According to Reuters (2010) it is the case that Gunmen working for a mayoral candidate for the PAN Party (Partido Accià ³n Nacional) in Valle Hermoso as the candidate frequently spoke out against drug abuse and the dangers of drug violence. On the other side of the political spectrum it was the case that in Nuevo Laredo in May 2010 hitmen employed by the drug cartels killed two campaigners who worked for a ‘Leftist’ political candidate and then spread printed messages warning all people of the dangers related to supporting that political candidate. According to Ellingwood (2010) the best estimate of the death toll resulting from the Mexican war on drugs is approximately 22,000. With a death toll this high there is little question that the consequences of this war on drugs are severe. It is upon this foundation that the Drug Cartels utilize not only assassination as a direct means of enforcing obedience (Insofar as they simply kill political candidates that oppose them. These drug cartels also go so far as to employ a kind of psychological warfare by using murder as a significant threat to common people for supporting candidates that are against the drug cartels ex. â€Å"Look what happened to those who supported this candidate†¦ this could happen to you!† The former and the latter both represent a kind of terrorism insofar as they are by no means isolated incidents and by completely disregarding non-combatants, and utilizing policies that instill fear into the populous they are indeed committing acts of terror. Moreover the effect is felt across the border in the United States. Much of the drug trade involves smuggling drugs across the border and any intervention from American police forces, drug enforcement agency (DEA) etc. is likely to be met

Compare the views on education and or work in two of the following Essay

Compare the views on education and or work in two of the following narratives from classic american autobiographies - Essay Example From the autobiographies written by themselves, the life of Twain and Franklin presents a great picture of success strategies to the major readers of the said pieces of written work. To understand how these primary elements of successful living have been presented through the said reading pieces, the following discussion shall show the different aspects of comparison that both writings hold a great understanding of both education and work aspect utilized to attain life's success. In the writing of Mark Twain, he naturally uses his childhood history as a primary narration as to how his dreams and aspirations in life primarily began. In Mississippi, life has offered him a great deal of beginning the steps towards his dreams of becoming the best kind of person that he aims to be. To compare, Franklin's autobiography on the other hand, he notes that to fulfill his dreams of getting thee best opportunity to be known in the field of publishing, he needed to live his hometown to begin his journey towards success. On this particular aspect of presentation, the said individuals showed that the society has a great contribution to whatever a person turns out to be.

Microprocessor Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Microprocessor Architecture - Essay Example The Pioneer is intended as a 32-bit RISC processor. It has 32 general purpose registers which can be used for calculations. It can address 32 bit address space (4GB). On the other hand the MARIE architecture has a 16-bit CISC architecture. The Machine Architecture that is Really Intuitive and Easy, MARIE, was designed for the singular purpose of illustrating basic computer system concepts. While this system is too simple to do anything useful in the real world, a deep understanding of its functions will enable you to comprehend system architectures that are much more complex. Binary, twos complement data representation. Stored program fixed word length data and instructions. 4K words of word-addressable main memory, 16-bit data words, and 16-bit instructions 4 for the op-code and 12 for the address, a 16-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU). Seven registers for control and data movement. Pioneer has an Input register size of size 32-bit and 32 possible outputs for out put. The â€Å"Y† bus may alternatively carry immediate data, created by a 16-bit value that may come from the instruction. Once the â€Å"X† and â€Å"Y† busses have data on them, any of the computational units my access that data and perform calculations on that data. Once the computational unit has accomplished the calculation, the result is placed on the â€Å"results† internal data bus, and a register in the register set may load the calculated value. The Address Generator is used to generate addresses, which can be used to access data within memory MEM [address]. It can be used as an index register. The address generator has the ability to adjust the index registers according to various controls and other registers (â€Å"Modify† registers) within the Address Generator. While MARIE has 8-bit input and 8-bit output register. Many have asked why should build an emulated MARIE computer when an excellent assembler, simulator, and data path simulator

2000 Trade Agreement with China and the Damage it has caused to the Research Paper

2000 Trade Agreement with China and the Damage it has caused to the United States - Research Paper Example This agreement came as a result to the current conceding to China of permanent ordinary trade relations position by the United States Congress, paving the way for China’s entrance into the World Trade Organization. Given that the United States has long complained in relation to the huge trade shortage with China, this agreement should develop the bilateral trade balance in support of the United States. All the same, many long-standing trade concerns between China and the United States remain unsettled to the present. Identification and description: Historical Event The identification of the event concerning trade between the two nations stems for several years of long-term business. It is worth to mention that the two nations have been doing business transactions before the implementation of the trade agreements in the year 2000. Notably, these two nations have been benefiting from each other through various ways while doing business (Jialin, 2003). However, with reference to different statistics of the two nations, there is some understanding that China has had various benefits while causing some damages on the economy of the United States in the end. The understanding of this concern is well demonstrated throughout the entire discussion thoroughly. The main issue of concern is the different measures of the bilateral trade inequity by the two nations. ... In that case, distorting the bilateral trade equilibrium, and puff up the U.S. trade shortage with China (Ransom, 2001). A comparable aspect is the weight of capital flow. The majority of Chinese export goods to the United States are manufactured by outward-processing organizations. Nearly all returns accumulate to the United States and other foreign owners of such firms, whilst China gets only an insignificant manufacturing fee. Taking into consideration such aspects, the United States trade imbalance with China is considerably smaller compared to the official data suggestions (Horn & Mavroidis, 2001). In its implication, there is no reason to make the whole issue a captive in the United States domestic partisan effort and consequently poison U.S. and China political connections. One of the international trade agreements is the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and is also the foundation through which other trade agreements and frameworks have been formed for instance, t he â€Å"General Agreement on Trade in Services† abbreviated as GATS. The agreement established major principles to monitor business and trade operations among the member countries. The important principle is that of non-discrimination for foreign goods within the member countries. GATT also reduced trade barriers and tariffs to international trade including importation quotas and bringing equality (Jialin, 2003). The other principle harmonized the standards of goods and services internationally thus establishing a regulatory ceiling for trade operations. Very soon, the global economy was closely integrated thanks to technological changes and the invention of the internet (Murray & Raynolds, 2007). Later in 1995 the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established by the member

Individual Writing Assignment Essay Example for Free

Individual Writing Assignment Essay The role of work experience in successful adult learning is a recurrent topic of professional discussion. In their article, Guile and Griffiths (2001) provide the detailed review of what experience is, how it works in different work contexts, and how students learn and expand their practical knowledge through work experience. The authors state that the two main trends of work experience and learning are being discussed in European literature: the first one discusses work experiences of younger students (14-18) as a part of full-time education; the second one is about work experiences in countries with well-developed VET systems, in which apprenticeships serve an alternative to the basic education (Guile Griffiths 2001). Guile and Griffiths (2001) state that the time has come to reassess the relationship between education and work experience and provide a brief discussion of the concept of â€Å"context† and several models of learning through work experience. The article contributes to the understanding of learning in work settings in several ways. First, the work context is not static but an ever evolving combination of conditions and objects (Guile Griffiths 2001). The changes in context prioritize learning and knowledge sharing and expand the definition of skill (Guile Griffiths 2001). Second, work contexts make it possible for individuals to learn and develop through contact with more experienced others (Guile Griffiths 2001). Finally, earlier approaches to workplace learning are no longer workable: the authors discuss traditional, experiental, generic, work process, and connectivity models of learning through work experience (Guile Griffiths 2001). These models reconceptualize learning through work experience in several different ways. Guile and Griffiths (2001) suggest the last, connective model of learning through work experience be the one to provide a new curriculum framework and more effective connections between formal and informal learning. Learning through work settings: andragogy vs. pedagogy  What Guile and Griffiths (2001) discuss in their article presents a unique combination of andragogy and pedagogy. Although Guile and Griffiths (2001) do not mention the word â€Å"andragogy† and emphasize the relevance of pedagogic approaches to work experience, the features of adult learning are being present in all learning models. Guile and Griffiths (2001) discuss the models and approaches that are based on need; they are problem-centered, respective to job, collaborative, and mutual between facilitator and learner. These are the features of adult learning which Podsen (2002) discusses in her book. Simultaneously, the process of learning through work experience is not self-directed but is linked to the curriculum, sequenced in terms of content and subject matter and designed to enhance and speed up the transmittal of skills, experience, and information (Podsen, 2002). Although learning through work experience provides students with some degree of autonomy, work experience, according to Guile and Griffiths (2001) is still a part of the academic and vocational programs, which are both directed and evaluated by teachers. Nevertheless, work experience provides better knowledge sharing opportunities compared with the traditional pedagogic approaches to learning. Work experience and work context enable the development and maintenance of arrangements between workplaces and educational institutions (Guile Griffiths 2001). These models do not simply allow schools and agencies to manage these arrangement more effectively but turn into a valuable extension of traditional school and college curriculums. Unfortunately, pedagogy tends to limit resources available through work experiences and often views work contexts as stable and static. To raise the efficiency of work experiences and learning in work contexts, educational and HR professionals must be open to the benefits of adult learning, which would make learning in workplace settings more flexible, practical, and relevant. The traditional model of work experience In their article, Guile and Griffiths (2001) provide a brief discussion of the traditional model of work experience. The legacy of traditional models of learning through work experience is evident through the prism of traditional apprenticeship programs and general education curriculums in Europe (Guile Griffiths 2001). Until recently, the basic apprenticeship programs in workplace environments have been designed to help students mould their skills in practical contexts; as a result, the traditional model of work experience emphasized the assimilation and adaptation as the two basic features of education and training (Guile Griffiths 2001). Today, traditional models of work experience are fairly regarded as a form of the â€Å"launch† perspective on the interaction between learning and workplace settings – traditional models of work experience help to understand and predict what individuals will choose to do in each particular work situation (Guile Griffiths 2001). Professionals in education and HR specialists can apply to traditional work experience models, in order to set the necessary trajectory of later learning (Guile Griffiths 2001). Traditional models of work experience can be used to launch students into the real world of work (Guile Griffiths 2001). Unfortunately, the vision of work experience as the â€Å"launch† into later workplace learning leaves little or no room for determining how students will develop at the later stages of workplace learning (Guile Griffiths 2001). Traditional models of work experience present few or no opportunities to reframe their content and to make them more flexible and adaptable to the workplace needs of students. Work experience: possible problems and barriers The lack of content reframing opportunities is not the only problem with traditional models of work experience. In their article, Guile Griffiths (2001) omit considerable information about what barriers students can meet in their way to learning from traditional workplace contexts. First of all, Guile and Griffiths (2001) speak about the traditional workplace model as the â€Å"launch† perspective on learning in workplace contexts. Yet, the authors do not write anything about whether students are prepared to be in workplace environments and what must they must do to integrate with the learning atmosphere in the workplace. Second, the question is in how students will adjust to the contrast between familiar school environments and workplace experiences. Third, Kolb’s model of experiental learning could add value to the traditional model of work experience by providing teachers and HR professionals with a better understanding of students’ learning styles. Students that engage in workplace learning can be activists, reflectors, theorists, and pragmatists (Atherton, 2009). The significance of each particular learning style is in trying to help teachers and students to adjust to their personal and learning peculiarities and the features of their learning style (Atherton, 2009). Obviously, professional negligence to learning style differences can become a major barrier to effective learning. Unfortunately, in their discussion of the traditional model of work experience Guile and Griffiths (2001) do not mention any of these potential problems. To make the traditional learning model adaptable, flexible, and workable, HR professionals must account for these personal and learning differences, to ensure that they can set the necessary trajectory of learning at later stages of work experience. Still, the traditional model in ways Guile and Griffiths (2001) discuss it could be of value to HR professionals, who support the development of a ‘learning organization’. The traditional model of work experience and a ‘learning organization’ â€Å"A learning organization needs people who are intellectually curious about their work, who actively reflect on their experience, who develop experience-based theories of change and continuously test these in practice† (Serrat, 2009). Experience is critical for the success of all learning initiatives in organizations. In this sense, the traditional model of work experience can set the pace and the direction of learning in organizations. HR professionals can apply to the traditional model to ‘launch’ students and to help them integrate with the new workplace environment. The traditional model can set the stage for developing experience-based theories and initiatives at the later stages of learning and to make practitioners more reflective. The traditional model can also help HR specialists learn more about students and their first successes at work, to be able to adjust their learning styles and preferences to the specific needs of the workplace. All these actions will benefit and favor learning in organizations. The traditional model can become an invaluable source of knowledge about learning, which HR professionals will use to develop more effective learning strategies to be used in their organizations. Conclusion Work experience provides students with valuable learning opportunities. Organizations and education professionals step away from the traditional â€Å"static† vision of workplace contexts and position work as a flexible and ever-changing source of practical knowledge. In their article, Guile and Griffiths (2001) discuss a number of work experience models. The traditional model, according to Guile and Griffiths (2001), gives education professionals a chance to set the needed learning trajectory and redirect individuals toward the desired learning goals. However, education and HR specialists must account for the learning style differences and support students, as they are trying to adjust to unfamiliar workplace environments. Otherwise, HR professionals would not be able to use the traditional model for the benefit of learning in organizations.

The Impacts Of Cosmetic Surgery On Society Media Essay

The Impacts Of Cosmetic Surgery On Society Media Essay Given the advancements in technology, cosmetic surgery, a type of plastic surgery, has become more of an art than an operation nowadays. Inevitably, it has also become one of the popular avenues of fighting against signs of ageing or correcting ones self perceived imperfections. According to Medical-Dictionary.Com, Cosmetic surgery is defined as surgery that modifies or improves the appearance of a physical feature, irregularities or defects. It belongs to the family of plastic surgeries that also includes various types of surgeries like  reconstructive surgery,  hand surgery,  microsurgery, and the treatment of  burns, with cosmetic surgery being the most well known among them all. For the eyes, we have cosmetic surgeries like, blepharoplasty that reshapes the eyelids or allows the application of permanent eyeliner, epicanthoplasty that removes the presence of epicanthal folds around the eye. For the face, we have surgeries like, chemical peel that helps minimize the appearance of facial scars and wrinkles, otoplasty that involves reshaping the ear by pinning the protruding ear closer to the head, lip enhancement that improves lips fullness through surgical enlargement, chin augmentation that involves implanting usually silicone by sliding genioplasty of the jawbone or by suture of the soft tissue, cheek augmentation that uses implants to either reduce the cheeks or make them appear fuller, browplasty that elevates eyebrows and smoothes forehead skin, midface life that tightens the cheek while the most extreme of them all would be orthognathic surgery that manipulates facial bones through controlled fracturing. For modifying our bodily features, we have surgeries like, breast augmentation that allows the enlargement of breast by means of fat grafting, saline or silicone gel prosthetics, reduction mammoplasty that enables breast reduction through skin and glandular removal and mastopexy that facilitates breast lifts that lifts and reshapes breasts to make them less saggy, abdominoplasty that reshapes and firms the abdomen, buttock augmentation that facilitates lifting and tightening of buttocks by excision of redundant skin, liposuction that removes fat deposits by traditional suction technique or ultrasonic energy to aid fat removal and last but not least, filler injections that can be done on any part of the body that involves injecting collagen, fat and other tissue filler injections, usually to make those parts appear fuller. After introducing this much details about the types of cosmetic surgery techniques made possible by technological advancements available now and today, I would be elaborating more on how the availability of cosmetic technological surgeries have impacted our society through prevalent forms of mediums that we are exposed to everyday inevitably. The main and most influential mediums would have to be the media and peer pressure from friends and families. Let us take a closer look at the types of media and societal mediums available. Movie Industry Movies is probably one of the most common mediums that we get exposed to and indulge in. To get a better understanding on the gross profits of movies, we refer to The-Numbers.Com. According to the website, Avatar raked a worldwide gross of US$2,783,556,202 while Titanic earned a gross profit of US$1,842,879,955. These figures gives us a better insight on how widely watched are movies and the impacts these charming celebrities can have on society. This brought to my point that some celebrities influence us when some of them are actually very open about the fact that they have had cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants, lip augmentations, veneers and rhinoplasties while some others deny it. Some of the famous examples include, Heidi Montag, Joan Rivers, Bruce Jenner, Dolly Parton, Donatella Versace, Michael Jackson and so on. They have openly admitted to having gone under the knife and some have even shared their experiences on television, according to Cosmeticsurgerytoday.Com and Sydney4women.Com.Au. The general public tend to look up to these figures of fame and glamour while aspiring to look like them. In the more extreme cases, plastic surgeons do get requests from patients saying that they want to look like a certain celebrity as extracted from Cosmeticsurgerytoday.Wordpress.Com. However, plastic surgeons do warn celebrity worshippers against it as the results are not guaranteed and there are side effects to it. Advertising Industry In the advertising industry, we often see the application of celebrity endorsements in adverts, with the aim of increasing the masss likelihood of adopting the brand under the effect of wanting to imitate the behaviour of their idols and that if they adopt this brand, they are, in one way or another, one step closer to that celebrity by offering their support to him or her. For example, in adverts featuring sports products, they often employ the use of sporty figures in the sports industry to present that sporty and healthy image that you can be as sporty and healthy like them; enjoying the stated benefits of that product should you adopt that brand of sports products too. Apart from misleading the public through this persuasion method, it also transmits vanity values and materialistic ideals into the younger generations of now and today. We always depict slim, slender feministic figures as much sought of in advertisements like for perfume, fashion products or even facial products but rarely anything about females being attractive in their own skin regardless of their shape and size as it should be. This creates the impression that only slim and slender ladies are beautiful and is in fact, piling onto the vanity effect. This would fuel onto desires to go under the knife to look pretty and desired by the society, often neglecting the fact that only positive testimonials on cosmetic surgeries are featured and the botched cases are more widespread than we realize. Societal Norms As we all know, there has been drastic changes in societal norms comparing todays trends and levels of acceptances to cosmetic surgeries compared to just a few decades ago. In the past, it used to be a shameful thing to have gone under the knife, because features that we are born with are inherited from our parents. However, much as the majority are now higher educated and richer to afford these surgeries, it has become a norm to go under the knife so long as the end results make one happier and more confident. In South Korea, it is more competitive than ever about whose kids are looking better than it being conservative. Dr Shim Hyung Bo, a plastic surgeon in Seoul says that parents make their kids get plastic surgery to look good and it is just as important as their kids getting good grades while teenagers as young as 14 are doing eye surgeries and eye jobs have become a favourite high school graduation gift from proud parents as quoted from Time.Com. Much as countries like Singapore itself may be more conservative and Asian-oriented, we are also starting to move towards the more acceptable kind of surgeries like blepharoplasty that reshapes eyelids, liposuctions that removes body fats and also rhinoplasty as admitted and righteously justified by famous blogger, Xiaxue as reported by media coverage on papers and also on her own blog, Xiaxue.Blogspot.Com. Furthermore, it is to be brought to attention that most of Xiaxues readers ages range from teens to adults and this may greatly influence the highly impressionable younger generations. Publication Industries The amount of printed media that we come into contact with everyday also heavily endorses cosmetic surgery procedures such as newspapers that features stars who have undergone or is suspected of having gone under the knife or magazines that actually help disseminate knowledge about certain procedures. The higher the frequency the society is exposed to such genres of information and news updates, we are more likely to accept the idea of cosmetic surgery under classical conditioning and also may become interested to research for more information on our own. Some individuals who may not have the idea to want any form of cosmetic surgery would be tempted to go for it should they be awed by the results, for example, after surfing websites like Goodplasticsurgery.Com. This is a website where they compile plausible photos and brief descriptions of celebrities who have gone under the knife and looks more gorgeous than ever. Apart from the entertainment values of such websites, it is not to be neglected that it might be acting as a medium in piling onto the misleading fact that having cosmetic surgeries done is pretty much desirable and offers amazing results. On the other hand, there are websites like Sydney4women.Com.Au that also provides links to websites that offers recommendable surgeons as a related link to its cosmetic surgery articles. For the website, the link might just be an avenue for earning advertisement fees but to the public, it is actually a form of raising the accessibility of avenues to get cosmetic surgeries done. Advantages of Cosmetic Surgery The most straightforward of cosmetic surgery has to be the benefits of aesthetic improvements to ones looks. For a burn victim, it would drastically improve his or her life due to the fact that they can minimize the damages inflicted on them to the best of their probabilities. For a female who has been teased at all her life about her appearance, cosmetic surgery might just be the easiest way out to improve her social life, her confidence and also the way she would lead her life post surgery, example as stated from Neikie Renos real life account as on Abcnews.Go.Com. Another advantage of cosmetic surgery would be to correct physical defects that may have resulted from accidents after birth or defects that they may have been born with since birth and cosmetic surgery may actually give them a shot at leading normal lives as quoted from Cosmeticsurgerya-z.Com. On the other hand, patients who have gone under the knife for liposuction and breast reduction may find their lives greatly enhanced in terms of being physically active in leading sporty lifestyles that helps them to be healthier than they can ever imagine. Disadvantages of Cosmetic Surgery One of the most crippling disadvantages of cosmetic surgery is that the results may not come out as desired or envisioned. All surgeries carry some degree of risks and much as complications are rare, they do occur. Some of the most common risks associated with cosmetic surgery are, infections, severe bleeding, nerve damages, tissue deaths, seroma which is more widely understood as fluid collecting around the area of surgery and hematoma which refers to bruising around the area in layman terms. Blood clots and deep vein thrombosis are also possible complications of cosmetic surgery. Besides, some complications may be enhanced if the patient has certain health conditions such as diabetes that may result in massive bleeding as cited from Livestrong.Com. In terms of post surgery appearance, unsightly scarring is also a major concern as it may also prove to be a tell tale sign that the patient has undergone surgery previously. Putting the medical side effects aside, cosmetic surgery on its own is also costly and the costs stated by clinics are usually only the base cost of the procedure and surgeon fees, hospital fees, along with lost wages, medication costs and after care costs must be factored in when considering the costs of going under the knife. Last but not least, the point that may be the most interesting and scary of all to date is the fact that accounts stating that people actually DO get addicted after having their first surgeries done. As reported by Abcnews.Go.Com, Neikie Reno actually got obsessed with cosmetic surgery procedures and has had 14 surgeries done over the span of over a decade, spending a grand total of $83,000 on them all. Although it is the fact that they are addicted to the feel good factor after having these surgeries which may not be a bad thing, however, as addictions go, many might not know when to stop and this may have disastrous effects on them eventually. Conclusion Much as cosmetic surgeries have the ability to improve our lives, it also has the ability to mislead our judgements. The very fact that media mediums propagate the idea of being good looking brings about better and easier lives by earning the envy of others. All these does not help impressionable viewers to break off and move away from the norms of being a superficial, vain and materialistic individuals that cannot think for themselves independently. In the long term, our younger generations will all be cultivated into this look good, feel good mindset, no matter the costs or side effects of these cosmetic surgeries. It is also to be taken into account that this effect would snowball as most of us are inclined to follow each others actions under peer pressure, social norms or trends as often portrayed by the media. Much as Everyones Guide to Cosmetic Plastic Surgery written by Lachlan Currie says that modern cosmetic surgery has evolved into a specialist field which involves the use of numerous reliable techniques that allows safe improvements to be made to the face and body, I still think that everyones body constitution is different and there is no one method that insures all individuals against any complications. On the other hand, Cosmetic Surgery of the Asian Face written by John A. McCurdy, Samuel M. Lam has also pointed out expertly that although the stereotype of Asians having yellow skin pigmentation, straight coarse black hair, a flat face with high malar eminences, a broad, flat nose and narrow slitlike eyes with a characteristic epicanthal fold may be loosely applied to the eastern Asian group of people, the aesthetic surgeon should appreciate that considerable individual variations exists in all of these physical traits. This adds on to the point that much as cosmetic surgeries are meant to bring about aesthetic facial improvements, the patient would have to know their own features well and not to blindly go under the knife to look like some Western celebrity despite knowing their Asian descent that might bring about unsatisfactory results after all that post surgery trauma. In a nutshell, I am totally agreeable to cosmetic surgeries so long as it is done to improve ones life and that individual is able to judge for themselves their own limit and had done sufficient research on their own prior to going under the knife.

The Kemant Minority In Northern Ethiopia Politics Essay

The Kemant Minority In Northern Ethiopia Politics Essay Since the creation of modern state in Ethiopia, in the late 19th century, ethnic minorities have been facing major difficulties to their survival. While unknown number of minorities are believed to have already disappeared, some others considered to be the verge of disappearing  [1]  . Ensuring minority protection is a major political goal for the current ruling government (Kiden, 2008:7). The constitution provides for the creation of political space through recognition and respect for culture, identify and languages of ethnic groups. The state, at least in principle, treats minorities as equal members of the country and respects their rights to preserve their identity as well as their socio- political aspirations. In practice, however, these rights are far from being realized. The Kemant are ethnically, religiously and linguistically distinct people and because of their distinctiveness they have been victims of stigma, exclusion and marginalization. They experienced prejudice and stereotype for centuries (Zelalem, 2000:30). Their claim for recognition and self-governance has spent many years without ultimate response from both the federal and regional governments. At a time when their language, culture and religion, as a result sheer identity, are at the verge of extinction  [2]  , they are not given due attention. This is reflected by the fact that they are not officially recognized yet. Non recognition hinders not only rights enshrined in the constitution but also the enjoyment of internationally recognized rights  [3]  ; it leads to the violation of economic, social and cultural rights and to their ultimate marginalization in the society. The Kemant case proves the truth of the maxim that justice delayed is justice denied. It is paradoxical that the Kemant had been recognized as a distinct people until the 1994 National Census  [4]  . They were in existence when both the federal and the first Regional Constitutions were adopted in 1995. As the 1995 Federal Constitution did not recognized all ethnic groups that existed at the time of its adoption, nor did the 1995 Amhara Region Constitution and the 2001 Revised Constitution recognized nationalities that existed in the region at the time of their adoption. Among such ethnic groups are the Kemant. Certainly, they have been denied their de jure existence while they have ever de facto existed. Against this backdrop, the claims of the Kemant people can be examined from at least two perspectives:(1) assessing domestic laws for the protection/recognition of minorities and how they are adequate to address the multiple problems faced by ethnic minorities; and (2) exploring how the Kemant recognition and self-rule movement is working, the strategies and tactics used, to pursue their goals and why the movement is not yet effective to accomplish their claims. Unfortunately this essay does not cover all these aspects. That would be virtually impossible task involving hundreds of pages. Rather the essay investigates one main question: Why the Kemant minority are unjustly denied of official recognition to exercise their constitutional rights? Relevant legal documents, books, journals, articles and electronic materials are used and qualitatively analysed to address this specific question. The Kemant Minority: Historical- Socio- Legal Context The Kemant are residing in the northern Gondar of Amhara Region; they speak a dialect of Cushitic language and practice Pagan-Hebraic religion. They are considered as the original inhabitants of north central Ethiopia. Living in the area of the historical Kemantland, they have been progressively, then massively Christianised and Amharized in the last century (Gamst, 1969:1). Their language, Kemantney is stigmatized because of their traditional religion. A mechanism adopted by them to adjust the harsh social environment was self-denial (Worku, 2010:2). In 1994 their population was 172,327.19  [5]  . Despite the fact that there might have been discrepancies between the census and the exact population, they had ever been recognized as distinct people. However, the Transitional Government (1991-1995) had not included the Kemant among ethnic groups eligible to establish regional self-government. This law and practice was a prelude to the federal constitution in 1995. Furthermore, in 2007 population census they were not counted as a separate ethnic group. Ethnic groups as small as 298 (Qewama) and 320 (She) were recognized and counted (CSA, 2008: 86-87). Although there is lack of official census at present the population is estimated to be over 900,000. This makes them 12th in population size among Ethiopian ethnic groups (Belay, 2010: 10). Claims for Recognition and Self-rule Since 1991, there has been an effort by individuals belonging to the ethnic group for recognition and self-governance. The movement was primarily against marginalization by the dominant amhara ethnic group and to preserve their identity. However, the 2007 census accelerated the pace of their struggle. In May 2009, Provisional Committee of Kemant Identity and Self-Governance Claims Council was established. They seem to have started organizing themselves in unprecedented way to push ahead their claim based on the constitution and historical facts.  [6]   Their claim is not only a struggle for their right to express and protect their identity, but also for political autonomy of some kind to establish a Zone level administration. It is in line with the constitution which asserts that all ethnic groups have the right to speak and develop their own language, to express and promote their culture and history; they have the right to self-administration within a particular territory and the right to representation at the regional and federal levels of government (FDRE 1995 art 39). In such legal context accordingly, the Awi, Himra, Oromo and Argoba minorities in Amhara region have already enjoyed recognition and representation since 1991. They have established their own self-government within their respective territories. The Kemant, however, do not enjoy self-government, nor are they recognized as distinct people. They are not represented in the Regional Council as well as in the house of federation. They have little or no say at the political level as they are unrepresented or under represented at all levels of government. The above discussion shows some of the historical, social, political and legal contexts in which the claims of the Kemant ethnic minority are emerged. Their main issues are: (1) recognition of their identity; (2) claim to exercise their constitutional rights like other ethnic minorities; (3) representation in both regional and federal governments; and (4) self-administration  [7]  . These issues are interrelated with one another. The right of self-administration of a minority like the Kemnat emanates from its status as such. In the absence of recognition, the group cant claim a right to self-rule at any level. The same holds true representation at the regional and federal levels of government cant be achieved without de jure recognition. The main actors involved in the process of recognition/non-recognition are the Kemant people (local level), the Council for recognition and self-governance (at the regional-local level), Scholars (local -regional level), the Amhara Regional State (regional level), and the federal government (national level). Although I acknowledge the importance of analysing and critically reflecting on these stakeholders, this essay deals with the Amhara regional state in addressing the claims of the Kemant. The Artcle 39 (2) of the revised regional constitution provides that the people of the region has a right to enjoy an effective participation in the system of the federal government in a freer, non-discriminatory, appropriate, fair and equitable representation. At the regional level, nationalities and peoples residing in the region have a right of representation. Accordingly, the regional government is saying that it should prove whether the Kemants quest is in conformity with the requirements enshrined in article 39(7) the regional constitution. However, the people of Kemant are claiming that under this pretext the government is working to delay the quest. In fact, in early 2010 the government established a committee for Kemant case study to determine the population size and the peoples desire for self-rule. However, controversy was raised over the committees neutrality and transparency in the process. The Kemant council was not consulted and nothing was clear about the duty and res ponsibility of the committee. At this time discussions are going on between the government and the council over the procedures to conduct a case study. Why Kemant are denied Recognition? Although understanding the reasons for the denial of their claim for recognition requires a further investigation, taking the over context in to consideration I can argue that it is primarily due to lack of political commitment at all levels of government which delayed their quest for recognition and self-rule. As stated in Belay (2010: 52-54), starting from the time of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia, there has been strong opposition from the government to the claim that there exist distinct people called Kemant. Particularly, those officials in the lower hierarchies have exerted their effort to intimidate those groups who have tried to assert their identity and hindered the claim from being come to the attention of the higher hierarchies of the government. In other words, the political commitment in the region is to assimilate the Kemant into the Amhara ethnicity and culture contrary to the desires of the group. In fact, it is hardly possible to undermine some other interna l factors within the Kemant minority which affected their struggle. Historically, Kemant People, like other Agaw people throughout the region were whom the first to suffer from the identity conversion campaign of the false Solomonic Dynasty until 1974(Zelalm, 2000: 37). This historical fact left these people under strong identity crisis and slows down in a coming back process to their original identity. Even today there are Kemant individuals who labelled themselves as Amhara and struggle against Kemants quest for self-administration  [8]  . Though they may not strong influences up on freedom movement, but they can still create confusion to please their superior political masters. The other problem is the approach that Kemant leaders use to regain the constitutional rights, which proved its dysfunctionality. For the last fifteen years, Kemant Committee leadership has chosen a struggle approach that takes them nowhere. They have very feeble committee that represent the people to regain the denied constitutional rights. This committee is informal that does not have institutional capacity to resist the mischievous reaction of the regional government. Conclusion Therefore, the Kemant has a constitutional right to assert, develop and promote its own culture, religion, language and history as means of preserving its national identity. In other words, state acts, be it regional or federal, which take away this right is unconstitutional. The fact that the majority of the Kemant speak Amharic should not be taken as a ground for denying them recognition and self-governance. Rather, it should be considered as a positive factor tying both the Amhara and the Kemant together while maintaining their distinctions.

Flat Tax Essay -- Economics

Flat Tax1 Current Tax System The current income tax system is very complex. It is so complex; that the IRS publishes 480 tax forms then they publish another 280 forms that explains the 480 forms. â€Å"The IRS sends out eight billion pages of forms and instructions each year, which, if laid end to end, would circle the earth 28 times. Nearly 300,000 trees are cut down each year to produce the paper on which IRS forms and instructions are printed† (Armey, Shelby). The main reason the tax code is so complex is the proliferation of deductions, credits and other special preferences in the tax law. Taxpayers with similar incomes can pay vastly different amounts in taxes because of these loopholes. This uneven treatment of taxpayers is fundamentally unfair to those who do not know the loopholes and is at odds with the American value of equality under the law. â€Å"According to a study by an economist with the Congressional Research Service, the corporate income tax costs the economy more in lost producti on than it raises in revenue for the Treasury. Dale Jorgenson, the chairman of the Economics Department at Harvard University, found that each extra dollar the government raises through the current system costs the economy $1.39† (Armey, Shelby). A typical American family pays more in taxes then they spend on shelter, clothing, food and transportation combined. Taxes now represent a larger share of the U.S. economy than ever before. â€Å"The American people are beleaguered by the highest tax burden in American history† (Armey, Shelby). During the last few decades, the tax burden has risen dramatically on families with children. High taxes have implemented unparalleled growth in government. With the exception of Japan and the United States, the U.S. public sector now is larger than the entire economy of any country in the world. The Flat Tax Solution The Armey-Shelby flat tax (H.R. 1040) rejects the entire income tax code and replaces it with a flat-rate income tax that treats all Americans equally. The flat rate would not be in full effect until its third year, with a 20 percent rate for the first two years and a 17 percent rate for following years. According to the advocates, this plan would break down the tax code, promote economic opportunity, and reinstate fairness and integrity to the tax system. Individuals and businesses would pay the same... ...ay work if the flaws were worked out and the tax did treat everyone equal, but until then the current tax system seems to be a better choice. Bibliography: Works Cited Armey, Dick. â€Å"Flat Tax – Not Just a Distant Dream.† WWW.Flattax.gov. Http://Flattax.house.gov/armey/article/insight.asp Armey, Dick and Shelby, Richard. â€Å"A Comprehensive Plan to Shrink the Government and Grow the Economy.† The Freedom and Fairness Restoration Act. March 9, 1999. Http://flattax.house.gov/proposal/flat-sum.asp Beach, William W. and Mitchell, Daniel J. â€Å"How the Armey-Shelby Flat Tax Would Affect the Middle Class.† The Heritage Foundation. F.Y.I. No. 90. March 12, 1996. http://flattax.house.gov/others/heritage/fyi90.asp The Doctor Is In – Flat Tax. http://freedom.house.gov/survival/flattax.asp Dunn, Douglas. â€Å"Flat Tax Fiasco.† Word Wizards communications. 2001. http://www.wordwiz72.com/flattax.html Lubick, Donald. Treasury News From the office of public affairs. February 5, 1998. http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/pr2201.htm Schaefer, Rebecca S. â€Å" Straight Talk about the Flat Tax.† WWW.Flattax.gov. Http://Flattax.house.gov/others/cse/stratlk.asp Flat Tax Essay -- Economics Flat Tax1 Current Tax System The current income tax system is very complex. It is so complex; that the IRS publishes 480 tax forms then they publish another 280 forms that explains the 480 forms. â€Å"The IRS sends out eight billion pages of forms and instructions each year, which, if laid end to end, would circle the earth 28 times. Nearly 300,000 trees are cut down each year to produce the paper on which IRS forms and instructions are printed† (Armey, Shelby). The main reason the tax code is so complex is the proliferation of deductions, credits and other special preferences in the tax law. Taxpayers with similar incomes can pay vastly different amounts in taxes because of these loopholes. This uneven treatment of taxpayers is fundamentally unfair to those who do not know the loopholes and is at odds with the American value of equality under the law. â€Å"According to a study by an economist with the Congressional Research Service, the corporate income tax costs the economy more in lost producti on than it raises in revenue for the Treasury. Dale Jorgenson, the chairman of the Economics Department at Harvard University, found that each extra dollar the government raises through the current system costs the economy $1.39† (Armey, Shelby). A typical American family pays more in taxes then they spend on shelter, clothing, food and transportation combined. Taxes now represent a larger share of the U.S. economy than ever before. â€Å"The American people are beleaguered by the highest tax burden in American history† (Armey, Shelby). During the last few decades, the tax burden has risen dramatically on families with children. High taxes have implemented unparalleled growth in government. With the exception of Japan and the United States, the U.S. public sector now is larger than the entire economy of any country in the world. The Flat Tax Solution The Armey-Shelby flat tax (H.R. 1040) rejects the entire income tax code and replaces it with a flat-rate income tax that treats all Americans equally. The flat rate would not be in full effect until its third year, with a 20 percent rate for the first two years and a 17 percent rate for following years. According to the advocates, this plan would break down the tax code, promote economic opportunity, and reinstate fairness and integrity to the tax system. Individuals and businesses would pay the same... ...ay work if the flaws were worked out and the tax did treat everyone equal, but until then the current tax system seems to be a better choice. Bibliography: Works Cited Armey, Dick. â€Å"Flat Tax – Not Just a Distant Dream.† WWW.Flattax.gov. Http://Flattax.house.gov/armey/article/insight.asp Armey, Dick and Shelby, Richard. â€Å"A Comprehensive Plan to Shrink the Government and Grow the Economy.† The Freedom and Fairness Restoration Act. March 9, 1999. Http://flattax.house.gov/proposal/flat-sum.asp Beach, William W. and Mitchell, Daniel J. â€Å"How the Armey-Shelby Flat Tax Would Affect the Middle Class.† The Heritage Foundation. F.Y.I. No. 90. March 12, 1996. http://flattax.house.gov/others/heritage/fyi90.asp The Doctor Is In – Flat Tax. http://freedom.house.gov/survival/flattax.asp Dunn, Douglas. â€Å"Flat Tax Fiasco.† Word Wizards communications. 2001. http://www.wordwiz72.com/flattax.html Lubick, Donald. Treasury News From the office of public affairs. February 5, 1998. http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/pr2201.htm Schaefer, Rebecca S. â€Å" Straight Talk about the Flat Tax.† WWW.Flattax.gov. Http://Flattax.house.gov/others/cse/stratlk.asp